Artigo:

Brazilian cultural identity is a delicate topic that deserves attention and care. Various identity projects have been developed in the national territory from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. In this process, many Brazilian intellectuals reflected on what the idea of a nation would be and what could be understood as "brasilidade”. Bresciani (in Hardman, 1998) asserts that cultural identity projects in Brazil were forged in a political movement, seeking to affirm ideas of nation within political systems and projects. In the fervor of the early 20th century, the Week of Modern Art took place in São Paulo, marking an important moment for considering a possible recovery of what would be a "pure" Brazilian culture, even though many theorists understand that national culture is the result of a process of miscegenation and erasure. Anthropophagy, which was also guided by the group of São Paulo intellectuals who organized the Week of Modern Art, was proclaimed shortly thereafter, in 1928, by Oswald de Andrade, through the Antropophagist Manifesto. The manifesto presents a set of anthropophagic ideas that would circulate nationally through the periodical Revista de Anthropophagy, where the manifesto was published. Thus, anthropophagic ideas gained strength and followers throughout the country, greatly propelled by the creation of the Clubs of Anthropophagy. In this sense, it is understood that these ideas reached society directly or indirectly through the expansion and "escalation" of these ideals. Considering this, periodicals emerge as the primary printed communication vehicle of the time, serving as a primary source that could reveal whether, and to what extent, there was a reflection of these elements of national identity (advocated by Oswaldian Anthropophagy) within them. Initially, the aim was to understand how this was absorbed in São Paulo magazines, where it was possible to perceive an assimilation of anthropophagic ideas in the covers. The choice of magazines is justified, as they not only serve as periodicals but also allow for the verification of graphic manifestations through the illustrations on their covers. In Siqueira (2023), various elements of Anthropophagy that could be visually represented on these covers were identified. Additionally, it was possible to identify four categories of analysis that guide the thesis to which this summary refers. The categories of analysis are: (1) Race and Ethnicity; (2) Tropicality, fauna and flora; (3) Festivities and customs; (4) Regionalisms, national legends, and folklore. These categories will guide the search for elements represented on magazine covers that circulated throughout the national territory, with a focus on the states mentioned in the magazines: Amazonas, Pará, Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul, since observations have already been made in the state of São Paulo.