GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (GCA) AND TAKAYASU ARTERITIS (TAK): A CASE REPORT ABOUT THE DIFFICULTY OF CLASSIFYING VASCULITIS THAT SHARE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASE.

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (GCA) AND TAKAYASU ARTERITIS (TAK): A CASE REPORT ABOUT THE DIFFICULTY OF CLASSIFYING VASCULITIS THAT SHARE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASE.

VIANNA, PEDRO FELIPE DE ALMEIDA; SILVA, CAMILLA DE CASTRO E; ALVINO, LAISSA CRISTINA ALVES; ELIAS, CAMILA SOUTO OLIVEIRA; OCHTROP, MANUELLA LIMA GOMES

Pôster:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are granulomatous large-vessel vasculitides that share many common features. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria use age cut-offs for both conditions: age at disease onset ≤ 40 years to classify TAK and age ≥ 50 years to classify GCA. However, there are patients with GCA who present with upper extremity arterial insufficiency and large artery ischemic manifestations indistinguishable from TAK. Patients with large-vessel vasculitides who fall into the age range of 41–49 years are not included in the classification criteria for either condition.

Case report

We present a case report of a female patient who, at age 45, initiated constitutional symptoms, such as fever, weight loss, associated with left upper limb claudication, arterial hypertension and asymmetry of peripheral pulses. Complementary imaging studies showed caliber reduction and thickening of the left subclavian artery wall after emergence of the vertebral artery. On that occasion she was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis and was followed up at the Rheumatology department of a University Hospital. Even in the presence of methotrexate, in January 2019, at age of 64 years, she developed a constant pattern temporal headache, worse at night and in the morning, accompanied by scalp tenderness, low daily fever and visual turbidity. There was additionally an elevation of ESR (25 to 60 mm) and duplex ultrasound revealed an incompressible right superficial temporal artery with stenosis caused by concentric parietal thickening and reduced lumen. Ophthalmologic evaluation ruled out inflammatory vascular involvement as a cause of visual alteration. Treatment with prednisone 60 mg daily was initiated leading to clinical improvement of headache, absence of fever, besides the significant reduction of ESR (60 to 10 mm). With this case we question the diagnosis initially conferred to the patient, referring, this time, as giant cell arteritis.

Conclusion

GCA and TAK are large-vessel vasculitides that share clinical, histopathologic and radiographic features. To classify this patients can be a challenge, mainly between 41 to 49 years. A subset of patients with GCA can present with large artery ischemic manifestations like limb claudication, bruits and absent or diminished pulses and studies have found that these patients tend to be younger and have fewer cranial symptoms. We presented a case report of a female patient initially diagnosed as TAK presenting later with a temporal arteritis exemplifying this interesting condition and reinforcing the importance of close follow-up of patients with large vessels vasculitides.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) are granulomatous large-vessel vasculitides that share many common features. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria use age cut-offs for both conditions: age at disease onset ≤ 40 years to classify TAK and age ≥ 50 years to classify GCA. However, there are patients with GCA who present with upper extremity arterial insufficiency and large artery ischemic manifestations indistinguishable from TAK. Patients with large-vessel vasculitides who fall into the age range of 41–49 years are not included in the classification criteria for either condition.

Case report

We present a case report of a female patient who, at age 45, initiated constitutional symptoms, such as fever, weight loss, associated with left upper limb claudication, arterial hypertension and asymmetry of peripheral pulses. Complementary imaging studies showed caliber reduction and thickening of the left subclavian artery wall after emergence of the vertebral artery. On that occasion she was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis and was followed up at the Rheumatology department of a University Hospital. Even in the presence of methotrexate, in January 2019, at age of 64 years, she developed a constant pattern temporal headache, worse at night and in the morning, accompanied by scalp tenderness, low daily fever and visual turbidity. There was additionally an elevation of ESR (25 to 60 mm) and duplex ultrasound revealed an incompressible right superficial temporal artery with stenosis caused by concentric parietal thickening and reduced lumen. Ophthalmologic evaluation ruled out inflammatory vascular involvement as a cause of visual alteration. Treatment with prednisone 60 mg daily was initiated leading to clinical improvement of headache, absence of fever, besides the significant reduction of ESR (60 to 10 mm). With this case we question the diagnosis initially conferred to the patient, referring, this time, as giant cell arteritis.

Conclusion

GCA and TAK are large-vessel vasculitides that share clinical, histopathologic and radiographic features. To classify this patients can be a challenge, mainly between 41 to 49 years. A subset of patients with GCA can present with large artery ischemic manifestations like limb claudication, bruits and absent or diminished pulses and studies have found that these patients tend to be younger and have fewer cranial symptoms. We presented a case report of a female patient initially diagnosed as TAK presenting later with a temporal arteritis exemplifying this interesting condition and reinforcing the importance of close follow-up of patients with large vessels vasculitides.

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DOI: 10.5151/sbr2019-106

Referências bibliográficas

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Como citar:

VIANNA, PEDRO FELIPE DE ALMEIDA; SILVA, CAMILLA DE CASTRO E; ALVINO, LAISSA CRISTINA ALVES; ELIAS, CAMILA SOUTO OLIVEIRA; OCHTROP, MANUELLA LIMA GOMES; "GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (GCA) AND TAKAYASU ARTERITIS (TAK): A CASE REPORT ABOUT THE DIFFICULTY OF CLASSIFYING VASCULITIS THAT SHARE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASE.", p-106-106. In: Anais do 36º Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia. [ISBN 978-85-212-1892-0]. São Paulo: Blucher, 2019.
ISSN 23577282, DOI 10.5151/sbr2019-106