Abstract:

Using a combination of experimental data acquired using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) and discrete particle simulations, we investigate the dynamical behaviour of a three-dimensional granular system exposed to vertical vibration. The evolution of the system is explored as it makes the transition from a resting, solid-like state to an energetic, non-equilibrium steady state displaying uid-like behaviour. We discuss the scaling of the steady-state density achieved with the key control parameters governing the system, and the presence of hysteretic effects due to initial driving conditions, which can drastically alter the dynamics of the system. Finally, we consider the potential impact of our findings, and their possible applications both in industrial settings and in future research.